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Emotion regulation strategies in adulthood: a comparison of three age groups
Andrés María Laura, Urquijo, Sebastián, Canet Juric Lorena y Comesaña, Ana.
XXXIV Congreso Interamericano de Psicología, Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología. Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología - SIP, Brasilia, 2013.
  ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/13683/pfN5/Epy
Resumen
Emotional regulation is defined as the use of strategies to modify the intensity, duration and expression of emotions towards the fulfillment of individual goals. The importance of studying this process throughout the lifespan development is that emotions and emotion regulation affect the well-being and health of individuals. The hypothesis of emotional maturity associated with aging holds that people accumulate more lifetime wealth of experience and this gives them greater ability to control their emotions and optimization of their emotional experience. The socioemotional selectivity theory, argues that elderly people tend to privilege the optimization of emotional experience and the search for meaning. The empirical evidence on numerous research supports these hypotheses. It has been shown a decrease in the frequency of negative emotions at this stage, attentional biases toward gratifying emotional information and greater emotional control perceived. It has also shown increased use of "anticipatory" regulatory mechanisms such as situation selection or to modify the meaning of events in order to reduce its negative emotional impact like cognitive reappraisal and less use of strategies focused on behavioral aspects as suppression of emotional expression. The evidence on these differences associated with age, comes mostly from studies of North American samples, so we believe it would be interesting to explore these differences in a different population context. For this, we assessed the frequency of use of two emotion regulation strategies, specifically cognitive reappraisal (CR) and suppression of emotional expression (SEE) - in 148 Argentine participants divided into three age groups, young adults, middle-aged and higher-by an adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003). The results show that the highest average scores for RC were obtained by the group of middle-aged adults, followed by the group of older adults and younger adults. The mean scores of the SEE show an upward progression as the groups are made up of older participants. The results are partially contradictory with emotional selectivity and optimization theories and aging. One possible explanation is that our study included a group of older adults with a superior age mean (M=71 years old) than ones from adult groups in other studies. Another possible explanation is that older adults in our context may experience greater social pressure to suppress emotional expression considering they have been socialized in a context with different rules of emotional expression and finally we must not forget the influence of contextual and cultural factors have on human behavior. These results could be a start in the exploration of the age-related differences for emotional management in different cultural contexts, which may be the challenge of future research in our Latin American context.
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