The objective of this chapter is to review and systematize the knowledge accumulated so far about the link between demographic dynamics, poverty, and inequality, and to see to what extent that knowledge is being, and/or can be used, in the design of policies, strategies, and programs to combat poverty. The aim is to show the importance of the demographic dimension in such policies and programs, with the conviction that understanding how population dynamics and structure impact poverty can contribute to maximizing the impact of interventions and minimizing their costs.