The article analyzes the reaction of indigenous currents and mobilizations waged in the altiplanic terrain against the devouring of the territorial space at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th of old Peru: the first, provoked in Huancané (1866-1868) and, the second, that the Azángaro lands were exploited in 1915. Both historical exploits, apart from revealing extensive forces for the control and domination of the land and the Indian by the land lords, also expressed the first eruptions of indigenous teachers and schools in the precarious southern regions. Thus adding, ignored theoretical elements of conviction that the past, can also be discussed in tomorrow from a solid interpretation of the public school.