Objective: To analyze ethnoagronomy as a discipline that re-values, rescues, and builds upon agroecological principles, knowledge, experiences, and productive practices of peasants and indigenous people, laying the foundations for rural development alternatives. Methodology: Hermeneutic in nature. Discussions on these topics with leading experts in the field aim to foster a discussion that enables a fresh perspective on the primary sector. Results: Discussions of the Green Revolution process promoted by the Mexican state introduced technological options distinct from the majority of productive strategies implemented by the producers. Alongside the neoliberal model, which has accentuated economic and social polarization over the years, agriculture has continued to experience a clear process of neglect and a departure from policies aimed at the primary sector. Worth noting, however, is the fact that a small group has been subsidized within this model. Conclusions: Given pressing national issues, including social and food crises, there is potential for generating dialogue and agreements, driven by both progressive governments and public educational institutions, to pave the way for a new productive scenario with social participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]